• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    method and apparatus for heat treating an oil reservoir. A method and apparatus for continuous heat treatment of an oil reservoir is provided, in particular a method and apparatus for heat treating an oil reservoir by separately introducing a first and a second composition into an oil well and contacting the first. and the second compositions in a productive zone of the oil reservoir to initiate a chemical reaction that produces oil and gases. With the method and apparatus according to the present invention it has been possible to simultaneously introduce the compositions into the oil well and extract the resulting oil or oil containing mixture through the same resulting oil well or oil containing mixture through the same oil well. . for this, a sealing device such as a plug and at least one pipe are arranged in the oil well so that the sealing device is positioned in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir and that the openings in the oil well casing are above and below the sealing device and the pipe extends through the plug and comprises at least one opening below the plug, wherein the plug seals the annular space between the outside of the pipe and the inside of the oil well casing so fluid passages are provided with no connection to fluid within the oil well. heat treatment is achieved by separately introducing the first and second compositions into the oil well through the resulting fluid passages, initiating a chemical reaction by contacting the compositions in the oil reservoir's value zone. The chemical reaction may be maintained by introducing at least one of the two compositions and the resulting oil or oil-containing mixture may be extracted at the same time through the oil well.
    公开号:BR112013004260B1
    申请号:R112013004260-5
    申请日:2010-08-24
    公开日:2019-10-08
    发明作者:Eugeny Nikolaevich Alexandrov；Dmitry Anatoljevich Lemenovski；Zdenek Koller
    申请人:Tctm Limited；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    “APPLIANCE TO THERMALLY TREAT AN OIL RESERVOIR”
    Basics of the invention [001] The invention is directed to a method and apparatus for heat treating an oil reservoir, in particular a method and apparatus for heat treating an oil reservoir by separately introducing a first and a second compositions in an oil well and contacting the first and second compositions in a zone of productive value of the oil reservoir to initiate a chemical reaction that produces heat and gases.
    [002] The method and apparatus according to the present invention are especially useful for the extraction of petroleum (hereinafter also called crude oil or simply oil) from oil reservoirs flooded with water.
    [003] The extraction of oil from an oil reservoir usually begins with recovery methods that use underground pressure in the oil reservoir that will force the oil to the surface. During the life of the oil well, the pressure decreases and it becomes necessary to use other extraction methods, such as using pumps or injecting water, natural gas or other gases into the oil well to bring the oil to the surface. . After these recovery methods are no longer effective, the oil reservoir will usually still contain considerable amounts of oil being included in small cavities or pores of rocks or sand formations.
    [004] To also recover these remaining quantities of oil, tertiary oil recovery methods are used with the main aim of reducing the viscosity of the oil. A common method is to inject hot steam into the oil well to heat oil and thereby reduce its viscosity. This method, however, is efficient
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 6/101 / 41 only to a depth of about 1 km when, otherwise, the hot steam will be cooled down before reaching the productive value zone. In addition, with this method, up to 3 to 5 months of hot steam injection are required to heat the productive value zone. To produce hot steam, up to 20 to 30% of the extracted oil is used so that the efficiency of such a method is limited.
    [005] The injection of hot steam into the oil well is, for example, used in the SAGD method (gravity assisted drainage by steam). This method is especially used in Canada for the extraction of Canadian oil sands. In the SAGD method, two parallel horizontal oil wells in a length of up to about 200 m are drilled in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir, one about 4 to 6 meters above the other. In the upper well, the hot steam is injected and the heated crude oil or bitumen that flows from the formation, along with any water from the injected steam condensation, is collected from the bottom of the horizontal oil wells and pumped to the surface. As a result of the temperature rise in the heated area of the oil reservoir, the viscosity of the heavy crude oil or bitumen is reduced allowing it to flow into the lower well bore. In addition, fractures can be generated in the formation as a result of the differential thermal expansion that further improves the flow of oil to the lower well bore.
    [006] One of the main disadvantages of the SAGD method is the high costs for the production of hot steam. Up to about 20 to 30% of the extracted oil is needed for its production. In addition, as already mentioned above, hot steam injection is only effective to a depth of 1 km when otherwise the hot steam will be cooled before reaching the productive value zone. In addition, large amounts of water and large water recycling facilities are required, where water availability is sometimes a constraint.
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 7/101 / 41 [007] Alternatively, surfactants or solvents can be injected into the oil well to leach oil. These methods, however, have the disadvantages that the extracted oil will be contaminated by these chemicals so that additional efforts and costs are needed to recover the oil.
    [008] An additional tertiary oil recovery method is characterized in that a chemical reaction is initiated in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir for the production of hot gases that heat the oil in the productive value zone to reduce its viscosity and to overcome oil recovery by increasing the pressure in the oil well.
    [009] In Russian patent applications RU 2 100 583 C1, RU 2 126
    084 Cl and RU 2 153 065 C1 disclosed fuel and oxidizing compositions (FOC) disclosed being able to produce hot gases after starting a chemical reaction. These compositions are intended to be introduced into the oil well of an oil reservoir for a thermochemical treatment of the productive value zone. These chemical compositions are aqueous solutions containing large amounts of up to 60% by weight or more of ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3. The other components of these FOCs are, for example, glycerin, nitric acid, carbamide, potassium permanganate, acetic acid, isopropyl metacarborane and acetylsalicylate. After the injection of the FOC into the oil well, it is set on fire by the start of a fuse explosion. The decomposition of 1 kg of FOC results in the emission of a heat quantity of about 500 to 1000 kcal.
    [0010] This FOC contains an excess of oxygen and, consequently, has a substantial oxidizing character, so that with the oil mixture, an explosive composition is created. In addition, aqueous solutions containing large amounts of ammonium nitrate are explosive if the water content is below a critical amount of about 16 to 18% in
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 8/101 / 41 mass. As a result, in view of the safe handling of such compositions, the water content is usually above 26 to 28% by weight. However, with the increase in water content, it becomes increasingly difficult to achieve a stable reaction with a high heat output.
    [0011] In UK 2 194 156 C1, the FOC contains mainly the reaction product of nitric acid with an alkanolamine, alkyl amine or alkyl polyamine and up to 2.0 to 35.0% by weight of an organic nitrate, such as nitrate ammonium, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate. With such a composition, safer handling was achieved when the amount of ammonium nitrate can be reduced substantially. However, with the usual way of igniting the FOC by means of a fuse explosion, for safety reasons, a maximum of 1 to 2 tonnes maximum can be ignited only. After the decomposition of the FOC feed with a mass of 1 to 2 tonnes, the total operation of releasing the FOC and starting the load insertion must be repeated so that the well and oil with a depth of 1 to 2 km, no more than about 10 tonnes of FOC can be reacted per day. If the depth of the oil well is about 3 to 4 km, the amount of FOC to be reacted per day with this method decreases to about 5 tons. As a result, the extent of the heating of the productive value zone and, thus, the effectiveness of this method are limited.
    [0012] RU 2 224 103 Cl describes a method and a device for the thermochemical treatment of a productive layer. As in the prior art mentioned above, a fuel oxidizing composition comprises ammonium nitrate and water is pumped into the oil well and is then contacted with a flammable material. The device used with such compositions and described in this document comprises two tubes coaxially arranged to introduce the compositions separately into the oil well. By the use of sealing devices, an enclosure is formed including the
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 9/101 / 41 flammable material. At the upper and lower ends of these casing cutter pins are arranged being able to open the casing and allow ignition of the chemical reaction. However, neither the method nor the device described in RU 2 224 103 Cl are efficient when used in oil formations flooded with water when they do not allow to maintain a stable and continuous reaction in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir.
    [0013] In WO 2010/043239 A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, describes a chemical system of compositions that reduce the viscosity of oil emitting gas (GEOVDC) to stimulate the producing layer of an oil reservoir to heat treat an oil reservoir. These compositions are a composition that emits thermal gas (TGEC) and a reaction initiator stabilizer (RIS). By introducing these two compositions separately in the oil well and contacting the productive value zone of the oil reservoir, a chemical reaction is initiated by producing heat and producing gases so that the extraction of the oil (petroleum) is improved. This system allows to initiate and maintain a stable and continuous reaction so that the compositions can be continuously produced even after the chemical reaction is started. Up to about 100 tonnes per day can be reacted so that the efficiency of the oil recovery process is improved.
    [0014] WO 2010/043239 A1 further describes different devices for thermally treating an oil reservoir using this chemical system. However, for the supply of this device, it is often necessary to manufacture specific components increasing the costs for heat treatment. In addition, when using the methods and apparatus described in this document, it is not possible to introduce the compositions into the oil well and extract the resulting oil or mixture containing oil at the same time through the same oil well. When treatment
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 10/101 / 41 simultaneous chemical and oil extraction are intended, it is necessary to use an oil well as an injection well and a second oil well as a producing well, which limits the efficiency of this method.
    [0015] Therefore, it is an objective of the present invention to provide a method and an apparatus for thermally treating an oil reservoir, especially an oil reservoir flooded with water, being simple and cost-effective in use and allowing flexible control of steps to introduce and extract material in or out of the oil well.
    Summary of the invention [0016] The above objective is solved by providing a method for thermally treating an oil reservoir in a continuous manner comprising the steps of:
    - start a chemical reaction that produces heat and gases to thermally treat the oil reservoir to obtain extractable oil or a mixture containing extractable oil by introducing separately into a oil well of said oil reservoir a first and a second composition through fluid passages separate provided in said oil well and contacting the first and second compositions in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir;
    - maintain the chemical reaction in the oil reservoir by continuing to introduce at least one of said first and second compositions, and
    extracting the oil or the resulting oil-containing mixture during said step of maintaining the chemical reaction through a fluid passage provided in said oil well, wherein within said oil well the fluid passage used to extract the oil, or mixture containing oil has no fluid connection to any fluid passage used to continue the introduction of at least one of the
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 11/101 / 41 said first and second compositions to maintain the chemical reaction.
    [0017] The method of the present invention is based on the principle that in the productive value zone of an oil reservoir to be thermally treated, a chemical reaction is initiated and maintained producing heat for the heat treatment and preferably also gases to promote the heat treatment and oil extraction. Such chemical reaction is initiated by the contact of two compositions (chemical compositions) in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir and is maintained by a continuous introduction of at least one of these two compositions.
    [0018] The two compositions are introduced separately in the oil well of the oil reservoir and contacted in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir to initiate the chemical reaction. For such a separate introduction of two compositions in at least two separate fluid supply passages are provided in the oil well. With these separate fluid supply passages, the two compositions can be introduced into the oil well without contact or mixing before reaching the productive value zone.
    [0019] It is mentioned above that with the method according to the present invention the oil or mixture containing oil is extracted during the maintenance step of the chemical reaction. This, however, is the intention that with the method according to the present invention the oil or oil-containing mixture can also be extracted after the step of maintaining the chemical reaction is stopped or interrupted.
    [0020] According to a first embodiment of the method of the present invention within said oil well the separate fluid passages used to introduce the first and second compositions have no connection with the fluid, the first and second compositions are passed through the openings in the oil well casing allowing the exchange of
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 12/101 / 41 fluid between the oil well and the oil reservoir, and the first and second compositions are contacted outside the coating of said oil well to initiate the chemical reaction.
    [0021] With respect to the first embodiment of the method of the present invention the separate fluid passages used to introduce the first and second compositions and the fluid passage used to extract the oil or mixture containing oil are provided in said oil well by the arrangement of one or more pipes each comprising at least one opening in its distal end section so that the distal end section of each of one or more pipes is located in the productive value zone of the oil well and by the arrangement of a sealing device in said oil well so that the openings in the oil well casing allowing the exchange of fluid between the oil well and the oil reservoir are located above and below the sealing device and so that that a pipe extends through the sealing device, so that at least one opening in the end section d This pipe is located below the sealing device and the sealing device seals the space between the outside of the pipe that extends through the sealing device and the inside of the oil well casing.
    [0022] According to a second embodiment of the method of the present invention the separate fluid passages used to introduce the first and second compositions have a fluid connection in the productive value zone of the oil well (i.e., inside the well oil) and the first and second compositions are contacted in the productive value zone of the oil well (that is, inside the oil well), where the method additionally comprises the step of transferring the chemical reaction in the oil reservoir by passing the compositions contacted through the openings in the oil well casing allowing the exchange of fluid between the oil well
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 13/101 / 41 oil and the oil reservoir.
    [0023] With respect to the second embodiment of the method of the present invention the separate fluid passages used to introduce the first and second compositions and the fluid passage used to extract the oil or mixture containing oil are provided in said oil well by the arrangement of two pipes each comprising at least one opening in its distal end section so that the distal end section of each pipe is located in the productive value zone of the oil well and by the arrangement of a sealing device in said oil well so that the openings in the oil well casing allowing fluid exchange between the oil well and the oil reservoir are located above and below the sealing device and so that one of the two pipes extends through the sealing device so that at least one opening in the distal end section of this pipe is it is located below the sealing device and at least one opening in the distal end section of the other pipe is located above the sealing device and the sealing device seals the space between the outside of the pipe that extends through the sealing device and the inside of the oil well casing.
    [0024] In both embodiments of the method of the present invention the oil or oil-containing mixture resulting from the heat treatment of the oil reservoir is extracted through one of the fluid passages (hereinafter also called fluid extract passage) supplied in the oil well. This fluid extract passage is provided, so that within the oil well in the fluid connection it is possible between the fluid extract passage and the fluid passage or fluid passages (hereinafter also called fluid supply passages) used for sampling fluids or compositions to initiate and / or maintain the chemical reaction. That is, inside the oil well, the fluid extract through the
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 14/101 / 41 fluid extract passage cannot contact or mix with the fluid or fluids introduced through the fluid supply passages.
    [0025] When using the method of the present invention according to the first embodiment it is necessary to provide only one pipe being arranged so that it extends through the sealing device, so that at least one opening in the section of distal end of this tubing is located below the sealing device. With such an arrangement, two separate fluid passages are provided, a first fluid pass defined by the inside of the pipe and the inside of the oil well liner below the sealing device and a second fluid passage defined by the inside of the oil well liner. oil above the sealing device. This makes it possible to introduce the two compositions separately and to contact them outside the oil well in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir to initiate the chemical reaction. This also allows extracting the oil or oil-containing mixture during said step of maintaining the chemical reaction when then only one fluid passage is needed to maintain the chemical reaction so that the other fluid passage can be used as the extract passage. of fluid. A respective arrangement can be derived from the apparatus described in Fig. 1 by omitting the external piping 9.
    [0026] When using the method of the present invention according to the second embodiment where the two compositions are contacted in the productive value zone of the oil well, that is, inside the oil well and when the chemical reaction is then the compositions contacted through the openings in the oil well liner are transferred into the oil reservoir, in addition to the above mentioned pipe (ie the first pipe), a second pipe is arranged so that at least one opening in its distal end section is located in the productive value zone of the oil well above the sealing device.
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 15/101 / 41 [0027] With such an arrangement of the two pipes and a sealing device, three fluid passages are provided in the oil well. One of these fluid passages is defined by the interior of that pipe that extends through the sealing device. When the sealing device seals the space between the outside of this pipeline and the inside of the oil well casing, this fluid passage has no fluid connection with the other fluid passages and can be used as the fluid extract passage.
    [0028] Two additional fluid passages are defined by the inside of the other pipe and the inside of the oil well casing. These two fluid passages have a fluid connection in the productive value zone of the oil well as in the distal end section of the other pipe at least one opening is provided in the productive value zone. These two fluid passages can be used as the fluid supply passages.
    [0029] According to a specific embodiment of the method of the present invention the two pipes are arranged coaxially defining an internal and an external pipe, the internal pipe extending through the sealing device and defining a first fluid passage (along with the interior of the oil well casing below the sealing device), a second fluid passage is defined by an annular space between the outside of the outer tubing and the interior of the oil well casing and a third fluid passage is defined by an annular space between the outside of the inner pipe and the inside of the outer pipe. A respective arrangement is described in Fig. 1.
    [0030] However, it is also possible to arrange the two pipes side by side in the oil well in a spaced and adjacent arrangement.
    [0031] Such arrangements using at least two pipes allow the two compositions to be introduced separately or just one composition and at the same time extract the oil or the mixture containing oil through the
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 16/101 / 41 fluid passage (fluid extract passage) defined by the interior of the first pipe that extends through the sealing device and the interior of the oil well liner below the sealing device.
    [0032] With the method of the present invention it is possible to introduce two different compositions separately or to introduce only one composition, but in any case simultaneously extract the resulting oil or oil-containing mixture through the same oil well.
    [0033] To provide the openings in the oil well casing allowing the exchange of fluid between the oil well and the oil reservoir, the casing can be drilled or cracked.
    [0034] In this specific embodiment, in the step of starting the chemical reaction one of the first and second compositions is introduced into the oil well through one of the second and third fluid passages and the other one of the first and second compositions is introduced into the oil well through the other one of the second and third fluid passages and in the step of extracting the oil or the mixture containing the resulting oil it is extracted through the first fluid pass.
    [0035] The first fluid passage defined by the interior of the internal piping provides a fluid connection to which part of the productive value zone of the oil well located below the sealing device and through the openings in the oil well casing also to the reservoir of Oil. The inner tubing comprises at least one opening in its distal end section where this opening can be provided by an open end of the tubing and / or by a perforated or slotted distal end section of the inner tubing. The inner piping extends through the sealing device so that at least one opening of the inner tubing is located below the sealing device and no opening is present above the sealing device. As such a sealing device a shutter can be used, for example. a
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 17/101 / 41 sealing device or plug seals the resulting annular space between the outside of the inner piping and the inside of the oil well casing. A fluid injected or extracted through the first fluid passage will not be mixed in the oil well with any of the fluids injected or extracted through the second and third fluid passages.
    [0036] A second and third fluid passages are provided by inserting an outer tubing so that an outer tubing includes the inner tubing. That is, the inner and outer pipes are arranged in a substantially coaxial manner. The outer tubing comprises at least one opening in its distal end section where this opening can be provided by an open end of the tubing and / or by a distal end section of the perforated or slotted inner tubing. The at least one opening of the external piping is located above the plug and preferably close to the openings in the oil well casing and is also located in the productive value zone above the plug.
    [0037] With the second and third fluid passages it is possible to separately introduce (supply) two different fluids in the oil well without mixing them before reaching the productive well zone of the oil well. In the distal end section of the outer tubing where at least one opening is provided, the fluid injected through the third fluid passage, that is, through the outer tubing, passes to at least one opening in the distal end section of the outer tubing and enters the second fluid passage where another fluid is injected.
    [0038] The first and second compositions are usually solutions or suspensions and are supplied by means of suitable pumps. When the pumping of the first and second compositions is continued after their contact with the productive well zone of the oil well, the mixed compositions are passed through the openings in the oil well casing,
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 18/101 / 41 located above the plug (the sealing device), in the oil reservoir, so that the reaction initiated in the productive value zone of the oil well is transferred in the oil reservoir for its heat treatment.
    [0039] As a result of the increase in temperature, the viscosity of the oil is reduced and fractures can be generated in the formation which improves the extraction of the oil so that the oil or a mixture containing oil is obtained capable of penetrating through the openings in the coating located below the plug to be extracted through the first fluid passage.
    [0040] The chemical reaction in the oil reservoir is maintained by continuing to introduce at least one of said first and second compositions.
    [0041] The method of the present invention as described above is characterized by the steps of introducing the chemical compositions, initiating and maintaining a chemical reaction in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir and extracting the oil or mixture containing oil being the result of the heat treatment .
    [0042] In this way, according to a preferred embodiment, this method can still comprise the step of installing, in the oil well of the oil reservoir, an apparatus for thermally treating an oil reservoir comprising a sealing device and a pipe comprising at least one opening in its distal end section, in which
    - the sealing device is positioned in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir, so that said openings in the oil well lining are located above and below the sealing device;
    - the pipe comprising at least one opening in its distal end section is arranged in the oil well so that it passes through the sealing device so that
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 19/101 / 41 unless an opening is located below the sealing device and the sealing device seals the resulting annular space between the outside of the pipe and the inside of the oil well casing where the inside of the pipe defines a first passage of fluid and the interior of the oil well liner above the sealing device defines a second fluid passage.
    [0043] According to a further preferred embodiment of this method, the apparatus as installed above comprises in addition to the piping passed through the sealing device, i.e., the first piping, a second pipeline comprising at least one opening in its section distal end being arranged in the oil reservoir so that the distal end and at least one opening of the second pipe is positioned in the productive value zone above the sealing device where the interior of the second pipe defines a third fluid passage and the The device allows the exchange of fluid between the second and third fluid passages in the productive value zone of the oil well. The first and second pipes can be arranged coaxially so that the first pipe forms an inner pipe and a second pipe forms an outer pipe. however, it is also possible to arrange the two pipes side by side in the oil well in a spaced or adjacent arrangement.
    [0044] In the installation steps above in the oil well of the oil reservoir an apparatus for thermally treating an oil reservoir the sealing device can be a plug.
    [0045] In the method of the present invention it is still preferred that the plug is positioned in the productive value zone of the oil well in a section or area that does not include openings. That is, the plug is installed in a section that is not perforated or cracked, where above or below this section, the oil well casing comprises openings that
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 20/101 / 41 allow fluid exchange between the oil well and the oil reservoir.
    [0046] It is still preferred to supply horizontal wells located in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir being connected to the oil well. These horizontal wells can be used to better distribute the compositions introduced in the oil well and collect the resulting oil or mixture containing oil.
    [0047] For this purpose, at least one pair of horizontal wells is drilled in the productive value zone of the formation surrounding the oil well where each pair of horizontal wells consists of an upper well and a lower well. The upper and lower wells of a pair of horizontal wells are substantially arranged parallel to each other, that is, they are substantially aligned vertically or the upper and lower wells of a pair of horizontal wells are arranged to approximate each other . That is, with the development distance of the oil well, most of the horizontal upper and lower wells are close to each other for each other end at a distance of about 0.4 to 0.5 m from each other. In a specific embodiment, the nearby upper and lower wells intersect, preferably at their distal ends.
    [0048] The upper of the horizontal wells are arranged, so that they are in fluid connection with that part of the oil well located above the plug and the lower of the horizontal wells are arranged, so that they are in fluid connection with that part of the oil well located below the plug.
    [0049] When using the first embodiment of the method according to the present invention where the two compositions are contacted outside the oil well, one of the first and second compositions is supplied through the fluid channel defined by the interior of the pipe and the inside of the oil well casing below the sealing device to the
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 21/101 / 41 lower horizontal wells. The other of the two compositions is supplied through the fluid channel defined by the interior of the oil well casing above the sealing device to the upper horizontal wells. In this embodiment, it is preferred that the upper and lower wells of a pair of horizontal wells are arranged to approach each other and it is still preferred that the nearby upper and lower wells intersect, preferably at their distal ends to form a zone of distant reaction from the oil well.
    [0050] That is, when the two compositions come into contact through breaks between the upper and lower wells nearby or at the point of intersection of the upper and lower wells, the chemical reaction that produces heat and gases is initiated and the reaction zone is distant of the oil well is created. This allows, on the one hand, to reduce the thermal load on the oil well casing and the sealing device (like a plug) and on the other hand it allows to heat treat a larger area around the oil well.
    [0051] When the chemical reaction is initiated, it is only possible to supply only one of the two compositions through one of the two fluid passages through one of the two fluid passages to maintain the chemical reaction and, in this way, continuously treat it in a thermal manner the oil reservoir. At that stage of the method, it is possible to extract the resulting oil or oil-containing mixture through the other of the two fluid passages.
    [0052] When using the second embodiment of the method according to the present invention where the two compositions are contacted within the oil well and the chemical reaction is transferred through the openings in the oil well casing in the oil reservoir, the contacted compositions can be passed through the openings in the oil well casing in the upper horizontal wells so that the reaction can be distributed over a large area of the oil reservoir. In addition, the
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 22/101 / 41 The resulting oil or mixture containing oil can be extracted through the bottom of the horizontal wells at the first passage of fluid so that it is possible to collect the oil outside a large area of the oil reservoir.
    [0053] The distance between the top and bottom of a pair of horizontal wells at their close ends adjacent to the oil well depends on the thickness of the productive value zone and the geological structure of the layer that carries oil. When using the method of the present invention the distance between the upper and lower horizontal wells can be from 1 to 12 m or even longer. As a preferred range, a distance of 3 to 6 m can be defined.
    [0054] The length of the horizontal wells is also dependent on the geological structure of the layer that carries oil so that they can have a length of up to 200 m or even longer and a preferred range of up to 100 m.
    [0055] In the method of the present invention it is preferred to use as a first composition, a composition that emits thermal gas (TGEC) containing chemical compounds that produce heat and gases after the chemical reaction is initiated and for use as a second composition of a reaction initiator stabilizer (RIS) containing chemical compounds that initiate said chemical reaction when TGEC is contacted.
    [0056] As such TGEC and RIS the compositions described in WO 2010/043239 A1 mentioned above can be used, for example.
    [0057] In the method of the present invention, in the step of maintaining the chemical reaction both compositions, or just one of these two compositions, can be supplied to the oil reservoir. When a stable reaction in the productive value zone is reached, it is preferred to suspend the introduction of at least one of the first or second chemical compositions and to continue the introduction of the other of the first or second chemical compositions.
    [0058] For example, if the temperature at the reaction site is at or
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 23/101 / 41 above the range of about 200 to 300 ° C the introduction of RIS can be interrupted when at such temperatures, the TGEC will also react without an additional ignition. That is, with the present invention, it is possible to maintain a stable reaction by pumping only TGEC into the oil well. Below the temperature of about 180 to 200 ° C in the production layer, the RIS injection can be resumed.
    [0059] When providing only one composition, it is preferred to provide any oxidizing liquid as an aqueous solution or suspension of one or more of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate and calcium nitrate when these compounds are relatively inexpensive. That is, it is preferred to add mainly TGEC.
    [0060] If the temperature in the productive value zone has reached a sufficiently high value and if sufficient oxygen is present in the productive value zone, an in situ combustion of the oil in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir can be initiated. If such in situ combustion is established, it is no longer necessary to introduce the first or second composition introduced in order to continue the production of heat and gases. It is sufficient to introduce air as an oxidizer to maintain its oil combustion in situ. Air can be introduced through any of the fluid passages having no connection with the fluid with the fluid passages used to extract the oil or mixture containing oil. In this way, air can be listed as one of the first and second compositions when it is introduced to maintain the chemical reaction in the oil reservoir.
    [0061] With the method of the present invention it is still possible to reverse the flow direction of the oil or mixture containing oil in the treated area of the oil reservoir when the stable reaction mentioned above is reached and only one of the compositions needs to be introduced. For this, the composition is introduced through the first passage of fluid and the oil or mixture containing oil is extracted through the second and / or third
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 24/101 / 41 fluid passages.
    [0062] This also allows extracting large amounts of oil or oil-containing mixture when the cross-sectional areas of the second and third fluid passages are usually larger than the cross-sectional area of the first fluid pass.
    [0063] To improve control of the method of the present invention, the temperature above and / or below the shutter can be measured. For this one or more temperature sensors can be installed above and / or below the plug.
    [0064] With the method of the present invention, high temperatures and high pressure can be reached in the oil reservoir. In most of the water in the oil reservoirs it is present as the result of recovery methods that inject water or water vapor, such as the SAGD method (steam-assisted gravity drainage). With the method of the present invention, it is also possible to thermally treat such oil reservoirs flooded with water. As a result of water vapor at high temperatures it is produced and with the increase of temperature and pressure in the treated area this water vapor changes its physical characteristics, in which, for example, the density and energy of the water vapor solvent increases.
    [0065] Furthermore, under the effect of high temperature and increased pressure, the oil will crack and lead to an enrichment of light volatile fractions in the crude oil. At this stage, the viscosity is greatly reduced and the solubility of gases in oil and mutual solubility of water and oil greatly increases. The mixture of water, oil and gases becomes more liquid (that is, less viscous) and in this way will pass more easily to the oil well for extraction.
    [0066] Such effects will be further improved when the components of the oil-containing mixture reach supercritical conditions. The following is a short generated view of the critical temperature Tk and critical pressure Pk of some
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 25/101 / 41 of the compounds being present in the mixture containing oil.
    Name Formula Tk [° C] Pk [MPa] Methane CH4 -82.6 4.60 Propane CsHs 96.7 4.25 Pentane C5H12 196 3.33 Octane C8H18 296 2.49 Dean C10H22 346 2.08 Dodecane C12H26 385 1.82 Tetradecane C14H30 422 1.60 Water H2O 374 22.1
    [0067] When one or more components of the oil-containing mixture reach supercritical conditions, the efficiency of oil extraction is still improved.
    [0068] It is especially advantageous in oil reservoirs flooded with water in large quantities when a high amount of water is present in the area around the oil well which reduces the efficiency of the recovery methods usually used. Still these oil reservoirs of the method of the present invention allows efficient oil extraction at high temperature and pressure is generated directly in the oil-carrying layer. This results in reduced oil viscosity and improved solvent strength of water present in the oil reservoir. In addition, the thermal stress of the oil well, that is, the coating of the oil well and the components introduced into the oil well to perform the heat treatment can be kept lower when these components are cooled by the continuously introduced fluids.
    [0069] If aluminum in the form of fine particles or aluminum granules or an aluminum alloy is introduced as one of the compositions, this aluminum will react a zone of productive value in the oil reservoir with water, preferably acidic water, to produce the hydrogen gas. When additionally the temperature in the treated area of the oil reservoir is raised above about 300 to 350 ° C and a sufficient high pressure is reached (about 70 to 200 bar) the oil in the oil reservoir is subjected to a hydrocracking process .
    [0070] With such a hydrocracking process the oil viscosity
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 26/101 / 41 in the treated oil reservoir is considerably reduced as the more complex hydrocarbon molecules are broken down the simpler hydrocarbon molecules. An additional beneficial effect of using aluminum or aluminum alloys in this process is to reduce the amount of water present in the oil reservoir.
    [0071] Such hydrocracking process can be further supported by the addition of suitable metal catalysts such as metal salts of Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni or V.
    [0072] The present invention further comprises an apparatus for thermally treating an oil reservoir by separately introducing a first and a second composition into an oil well and contacting the first and second compositions in a zone of productive value of the oil reservoir to initiate a chemical reaction that produces heat and gases, in which in the productive value zone a coating of the oil well comprises openings to allow the exchange of fluid between the oil well and the oil reservoir, comprises:
    - a sealing device being positioned in the productive value zone of said oil reservoir, so that said openings in the oil well casing are located above and below the sealing device;
    - a pipeline comprising at least one opening in its distal end section being arranged in the oil reservoir and passed through the sealing device so that at least one opening is located below the sealing device and the sealing device seals the space resulting annulus between the outside of the pipeline and the inside of the oil well casing, where the inside of the tubing defines a first fluid passage and the inside of the oil well casing above the
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 27/101 / 41 seal defines a second fluid passage.
    [0073] With such an apparatus it is possible to introduce two fluids separately through the oil well and into the productive value zone of the oil reservoir without mixing the two fluids before reaching the oil reservoir as the tube arrangement and the sealing device do not allows fluid contact between the first fluid passage defined by the inside of the pipe and the second fluid passage defined by the inside of the oil well liner above the sealing device (or in other words: defined by the annular space between the outside of the pipe and the interior of the oil well casing above the sealing device). This allows to initiate a chemical reaction that produces heat and gases in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir to heat treat the oil reservoir and to obtain extractable oil or a mixture containing extractable oil.
    [0074] With such a device it is still possible to supply, through one of the first and second fluid passages, only one fluid or composition to the oil reservoir to maintain the chemical reaction to heat treat the oil reservoir and to extract the extracted oil at the same time obtained or mixture containing oil through the other one of the first and second passages of fluid. Therefore, a continuous heat treatment of an oil reservoir and at the same time the extraction of oil through an oil well is possible when using the apparatus of the present invention. A respective device can be derived from the device described in Fig. 1 to omit the external piping 9.
    [0075] In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention further comprises in addition to the tubing passed through the sealing device, which can be named as the first tubing, a second tubing comprising at least one opening in its distal end section being arranged in the oil reservoir such that the distal end and at least one opening of the second pipe is
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 28/101 / 41 positioned in the productive value zone above the sealing device, where inside the second pipe defines a third fluid passage and the device allows the fluid exchange between the second and third fluid passage in the value zone production of the oil well.
    [0076] With such a preferred embodiment of the apparatus it is possible to introduce two fluids or compositions separately into the oil well through the second and third fluid passages and to contact the two fluids or compositions in the productive value zone of the oil well to start and maintaining a chemical reaction to heat treat the oil reservoir and to obtain extractable oil or a mixture containing extractable oil. With such a preferred embodiment of the apparatus it is still possible to extract the extracted oil obtained or mixture containing oil through the first fluid passage at the same time.
    [0077] The apparatus of the present invention is further characterized in that the area where the sealing device is installed in the coating of the oil well that does not comprise openings. The openings mentioned above provided in the oil well casing for a fluid exchange between the oil well and the oil reservoir are located in the productive value zone above and below that area.
    [0078] The sealing device is preferably a plug.
    [0079] In a specific embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention the first and second pipes are arranged coaxially and the second pipe as an external pipe includes the first pipe as an internal pipe. In such an arrangement the second fluid passage is defined by the annular space between the outside of the external pipe and the inside of the oil well casing and the third fluid passage is defined by the annular space between the outside of the internal pipe and the inside of the pipe. external.
    [0080] In a specific embodiment according to
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 29/101 / 41 the present invention the apparatus additionally comprises at least one pair of horizontal wells, which consist of an upper and a lower well being substantially parallel in each other or being arranged to approximate one another, in which the upper wells horizontal are in fluid connection with that part of the oil well located above the plug and the bottom of the horizontal reservoirs are in fluid connection with that part of the oil well located below the plug.
    [0081] The upper and lower wells of a pair of horizontal wells can be spaced by about 1 to 12 m, preferably by about 3 to 6 m. In addition, horizontal wells can be up to about 200 m long, preferably up to 100 m long. Horizontal wells can have a diameter of about 5 cm.
    [0082] The apparatus according to the present invention can still comprise at least one temperature sensor for measuring the temperature above and / or below the sealing device or plug.
    Figures [0083] With respect to the method and apparatus of the present invention the preferred embodiments are described in the following, in which references to the disclosed figures are made, in which:
    Figure 1 schematically shows the arrangement of the components of the apparatus according to the present invention in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir are thermally treated and the passage of fluids and flow directions used in the heat treatment method of an oil reservoir. according to the present invention; and
    Figure 2 shows the flow directions used in other specific embodiments of the heat treatment method of an oil reservoir according to the present invention.
    [0084] The following are the meanings of the reference signals used in Figures 1 and 2:
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 30/101 / 41 oil well liner productive value zone oil reservoir openings in the oil well liner above the plug openings in the oil well liner below the plug inner pipe inner pipe opening shutter external pipe openings of the external pipe upper well of a pair of horizontal wells lower well of a pair of horizontal wells temperature sensors first fluid passage third fluid passage second fluid passage first composition (eg TGEC) second composition (eg RIS) oil or mixture containing cheap oxidizing oil (eg air)
    Detailed description of the present invention [0085] In Fig. 1, the arrangement of the components of the preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention is schematically shown in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir to be thermally treated. In Fig. I there are also indicated the passage of fluids and flow directions used in a preferred embodiment of the heat treatment method an oil reservoir according to the present
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 10/31/41 invention.
    [0086] In the productive value zone 2 of the oil reservoir 3 the liner 1 of an oil well is drilled in two sections provided that openings 4 and 5 are provided allowing the exchange of fluid within the oil well and the oil reservoir that surrounds the oil well. Between these two perforated sections a plug 8 is installed in the oil well so that the liner 1 of the oil well comprises openings 4 located above the plug and openings 5 located below the plug.
    [0087] An internal pipe 6 is inserted into the oil well and through the plug 8 provided that the plug 8 seals the resulting annular space between the outside of the internal pipe 6 and the inside of the lining 1 of the oil well. The lower end (distal end) of the inner tubing 6 is opened to provide an opening 7 for the extraction or injection of a fluid or into the oil well. Thus, within the inner tubing 6 define a first fluid passage 14.
    [0088] An external pipe 9 is inserted into the oil well such that it includes the internal pipe 6 and that the external and internal pipes are arranged substantially coaxial. In the distal end section the outer tubing 9 is drilled to provide the openings 10 to allow fluid exchange between inside and outside the outer tubing 9. The perforated section of the outer tubing 9 is located close to the openings 4 in the oil well liner. above the shutter.
    [0089] With such an arrangement of an external and internal pipe a second fluid passage 16 is defined by the annular space between the outside of the external pipe 9 and the inside of the oil well liner 1 and additionally a third fluid passage 15 is defined through the annular space between the outside of the inner pipe 6 and the inside of the outer pipe 9.
    [0090] In the specific embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1 two pairs
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 32/101 / 41 of horizontal wells are arranged extending substantially rectangular from the oil well. Each pair of one of the horizontal wells consists of an upper well 11 and a lower well 12 being arranged substantially parallel in each other and are thus substantially vertical aligned. [0091] The upper wells of the horizontal wells are arranged to contact the perforated section of the oil well 1 above the plug and the lower wells of the horizontal wells are arranged to contact the perforated section of the oil well 1 below the plug. The upper and lower horizontal wells are spaced about 5 m, have a diameter of about 5 cm and a length of about 200 m.
    [0092] The arrangement of such horizontal wells is, for example, known from the SAGD method (steam assisted gravity drainage) where hot steam is injected into the upper and oil is extracted through the lower horizontal wells.
    [0093] In Fig. 1, only the two pairs of horizontal wells are described. However, it should be noted that only one pair of horizontal wells and also more than two pairs of horizontal wells can be arranged in the fluid connection with the oil well and an oil reservoir according to the present invention.
    [0094] In addition, two temperature sensors 13 are provided in the productive value zone of the oil well, one above the plug and one below the plug, to measure temperatures during the heat treatment method of the oil reservoir.
    [0095] The following is described in a specific embodiment of the heat treatment method an oil reservoir according to the present invention.
    [0096] One step of this method is to install in an oil well of oil reservoir 3 to be heat treated by plug 8, a
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 33/101 / 41 inner tubing 6 and outer tubing 9 as described above and described in Fig. 1.
    [0097] An additional step in this method is to separately inject two different compositions 17 and 18 into the oil well and contact a productive value zone 2 of the oil well to initiate chemical reactions that produce heat and gases. As these two compositions the composition that emits thermal gas (TGEC) and the stabilizer reaction initiator (RIS) disclosed in WO 2010/043239 A1 can be used for example. With these compositions it is possible to start and maintain a stable and continuous reaction as long as the compositions can be continuously introduced even after the chemical reactions have been started.
    [0098] The following is provided by the description of these compositions that can be used with the method and apparatus of the present invention.
    [0099] TGEC is an aqueous solution or suspension comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrazine nitrate, 1,1-di C2-6 alkyl nitrates hydrazine and 1,2-di C2 alkyl nitrate -6 hydrazines, such as hydrazine 1,1-dimethyl nitrate or 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, formamide nitric acid adduct, acetamide nitric acid adduct, acetonitrile nitric acid adduct, nitric acid urea, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, calcium nitrate, nitrates of mono, di and tri alkyl C1-5 amine, nitrates of mono, di and tri alkanol C1-5 amine, mono and di C2-6 alkylene diamine nitrates and C1-5 polyalkylene polyamine nitrinates.
    [00100] RIS is a liquid and comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of:
    - MBH4 metal boroidides, where M is Li, Na or K;
    - aminoboranes (R 1 R 2 R 3 ) N'BH 3 , where R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or C1-10 alkyl, or where R 1 is an aryl or pyridine with up to 10 carbon atoms and R 2
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 34/101 / 41 and R 3 are hydrogen;
    - dialkylaluminates MAlH 2 R 1 R 2 , where M is Li, Na or K and R 1 and R 2 are independently C1-10 alkyl;
    - aminoalanos (R 1 R 2 R 3) N. AIH 3 , where R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen or C 1-10 alkyl;
    - alkaline metallic nitrites MNO2; and
    - aluminum or aluminum alloys with magnesium or other metals, which guarantee a stable reaction with aqueous alkaline and acid solutions.
    [00101] TGEC and RIS are both liquids that can be introduced into the oil reservoir by means of pumps. If the compounds used are not liquid as they are used as a solution or suspensions in an appropriate solvent. If TGEC and RIS are suspensions in their viscosity, it is so that they are still pumpable and can be pumped into the oil well at a rate of up to 4-8 liters per second.
    [00102] Specific examples of the compounds that can be used by TGEC are mono-, di- and triethanolamine nitrates, mono-, die triethylamine nitrates, polyethylene polyamine polyvinylates, ethylene diamine mononitrate, ethylene diamine dinitrate, mono and alkylidene diamine dinitrates.
    [00103] For TGEC it is preferred to use an aqueous solution or suspension that comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrazine nitrate, 1,1-dialkyl nitrate C2-6 hydrazines and nitrate of 1, 2-dialkyl C2-6 hydrazines, such as 1,1-dimethyl hydrazine nitrate or 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine nitrate, guanidine nitrate, formamide nitric acid adduct, acetamide nitric acid adduct, nitric acid adduct urea and adduct of acetonitrile nitric acid.
    [00104] TGEC is preferably the reaction product of nitric acid reaction with the respective amino compounds such as the reaction of hydrazine with nitric acid so that hydrazine nitrate is obtained. By reaction
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 35/101 / 41 of nitric acid with these amino compounds, the respective nitrate compounds or nitric acid adducts are obtained.
    [00105] If the TGEC contains one or more of ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate or calcium nitrate, these nitrates are contained in the TGEC with not more than 50% by weight, preferably not more than 30% in large scale.
    The pH value of the TGEC is preferably about 3 to 14 depending on the RIS and TGEC compositions. It is still preferred that the mixture of TGEC and RIS have a pH value <7.
    [00107] For the aminoboranes, dialkylaluminates and aminoalanes mentioned above, it is preferred that the alkyl portions R 1 , R2 and R 3 are methyl or ethyl.
    [00108] For the alkali metal nitrites mentioned above it is preferable to use sodium nitrite or potassium nitrite.
    [00109] If aluminum or an aluminum alloy with magnesium or other metals, which guarantee the stable reaction with aqueous alkaline and acidic solutions were used for RIS aluminum or aluminum alloy can be used as a fine dispersed pyrophoric material, preferably having a particle size of about 1 pm or less and / or in the form of granules preferably having a particle size of about 0.1 to 5 mm, more preferably 1 to 2 mm. Aluminum and aluminum alloys can also contain copper, gallium and / or indium as an additional metal.
    [00110] If the temperature in the reaction zone of the oil well has reached about 250 to 300 ° C, a suspension of such granular aluminum or aluminum alloy in an organic solvent can be introduced into the oil well.
    [00111] Aluminum is oxidized in an exothermic reaction to give aluminum oxide in which 7 kg of Al produces a thermal energy of about 50,000 Kcal. For example, to increase the temperature of 1 kg of the formation
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 36/101 / 41 of productive layer at 100 ° C, a thermal energy of about 20 Kcal must be provided, in which the temperature increase of 1 kg of oil at 100 ° C requires a thermal energy of about 50 Kcal.
    [00112] Oxidation of aluminum results in the formation of aluminum oxide particles that settle on newly formed fractures in the productive value zone to keep them open as long as the oil flow around the oil well and thereby oil extraction is still improved.
    [00113] If aluminum or aluminum alloys with magnesium or other metals, which guarantee the stable reaction with aqueous alkaline and acidic solutions, are used as RIS, the chemical system may still comprise a solution or suspension of one or more of an acid or a solution or suspension of one or more of an alkali to be contacted with said aluminum or aluminum alloys.
    [00114] If aluminum and its alloys are used and introduced into the oil well as a RIS they can be contacted after introduction with an acid or an alkali to initiate and maintain a thermochemical reaction that produces heat and gases. For this, acid and alkali can be introduced into the oil well as a solution or suspension of one or more acids or one or more alkalis. As such, aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid (HCl) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) can be mentioned, for example.
    [00115] To manufacture the RIS solution or suspension any suitable solvent can be used. Depending on the materials used such as RIS, such an appropriate solvent may be water or an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of gasoline, ligroin, white alcohol, kerosene and naphtha. If, for example, metallic boroidides or aminoboranes for RIS, water with a pH value> 7 can be used as a solvent. To achieve this pH value, ammonia or an alkali metal hydroxide can be added. If a material is used by reacting with water one or more of the above organic solvents can be used.
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 37/101 / 41 [00116] At the beginning of a thermochemical treatment of an oil well, RIS is usually used in the form of an alkali metal borohydride in an amount of about 5 to 7% by weight or in the form of nitrite of alkali metal in an amount of about 30% by mass with respect to the mass of TGEC injected into the oil well. After the reactions are started it is sufficient to use RIS in the form of alkali metal borohydride in an amount of about 1% by weight or in the form of alkali metal nitrite in an amount of about 15 to 20% by weight with respect to mass of TGEC. With such a chemical system, it is possible to react up to several hundred tons of material per day in the productive value zone of an oil reservoir, with about 50 to 100 times the amount of material that can be reacted daily with the systems and reaction methods of the compositions in a batch mode.
    [00117] Furthermore, in contrast to the FOC used in the prior art, the TGEC described above does not contain an excess of oxygen and thus has no oxidizing character as long as no explosive composition is created with the oil mixture. The decomposition of 1 kg of TGEC results in the emission of a heat quantity of about 1000 to 3200 kcal.
    [00118] With the illustrated chemical system it is possible to introduce TGEC and RIS into the oil well and react these materials in the productive layer in an amount of up to about 100 tons per day and, thus, to produce more heat per period and improve efficiency of the oil recovery process when it is possible to maintain a stable and continuous reaction by continuously pumping reactive materials into an oil well. With such a chemical system a large amount of heat and gases can already be produced with an amount of about 1 ton of reactive materials introduced into the oil well. In order to achieve a high efficiency of the oil recovery process, however, it is preferred to continuously introduce the reactive materials and, thus, introduce at least about 10 tons / day, more
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 38/101 / 41 preferably at least about 20 tonnes / day.
    [00119] With the method and apparatus according to the present invention using the compositions described above, it is still possible to recover oil also from oil reservoirs containing mainly highly viscous oil that cannot be efficiently recovered using the methods known so far without introducing extensive amounts of water.
    [00120] The RIS or TGEC may additionally contain one or more soluble metallic salts of Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni or V. These metals are capable of catalyzing an oil oxidation, as long as the additional heat can be produced. These metal salts are contained in the RIS in an amount of no more than 10% by weight with respect to the total mass of RIS.
    [00121] Especially preferred metal salts are Fe (NO3) 3, Mn (NO3 ^ 6H2O, Mn (SO4) -6H2O, KMnO4, K2MnO4, K <tO |, Na2CrO4, KTtT) , Na2Cr2O7, Co (NO3) 3 , NH4VO3, NaVO3 and KVO3.
    [00122] The following is an overview of preferred reasons for the components contained in the TGEC and RIS that can be used with the method and apparatus according to the present invention. The ratios are expressed as% by mass with respect to the combined mass of reagents contained in TGEC and RIS, even without the solvents used for the preparation of the respective solutions or suspensions.
    TGEC compounds:1. hydrazine nitrate2. 1,1-dialkyl C2-6 hydrazines nitrate and 1,2-dialkyl C2-6 hydrazines nitrate, such as 1,1-dimethyl hydrazine nitrate or 1,2dimethyl hydrazine nitrate3. guanidine nitrate4. formamide nitric acid adduct5. nitric acid adduct of acetamide6. adduct of acetonitrile nitric acid7. urea nitric acid adduct in sum30 to 70% by weight TGEC compounds:1. mono-, di- and triethanolamine nitrates2. mono-, di- and tri-alkyl C1-5 amine nitrates, such as mono-, di- and triethylamine nitrates3. Polyethylene-polyamine polyvinylate4. C1-5 alkylidene mono- and dinitrate, such as ethylenediamine mononitrate or ethylenediamine dinitrate if present, at least10% by mass The RIS compounds: 1. MBH4 metal boroidides 2. aminoboranes (R 1 R 2 R 3 ) N.BH3 1 - 10% by mass0.5 - 5% by weight
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 10/39/41
    3. dialkylaluminates MAIH2R 1 R 2 4. aminoalanes (R 1 R 2 R 3 ) N.AIH3 5. alkali metal nitrites MNO2 6. aluminum or aluminum alloys with magnesium or other metals that guarantee a stable reaction with aqueous alkaline and acid solutions . 1.5 - 7% by weight3 - 10% by weight10 - 35% by mass0.3 - 70% by mass Other compounds to be:Soluble salts of Mn, Fe, Cr, Co, Ni or VAmmonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, 0 - 50% by weight calcium nitrateSolutions or suspensions of acids (such as aqueous HCl solution) or alkali (such as aqueous NaOH solution) 1 - 4% by mass 0 - 50% by mass
    [00123] TGEC and RIS can be pumped into the oil reservoir at a rate of about 4 to 8 liters per second.
    [00124] In the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the second and third fluid passages have different sectional flow areas such that the second fluid pass 16 allows higher flow rates than the third fluid pass 15 When TGEC is usually used in a higher amount than RIS it is preferred to inject TGEC 17 in the second fluid passage and inject RIS 18 in the third fluid passage 15. The injection of the two compositions 17 and 18 can be achieved using the appropriate pumps.
    [00125] When the productive value zone 2 is reached, the two compositions 17 and 18 are mixed when the distal end section of the external tubing 9 is perforated to provide openings 10 to allow fluid exchange between the second and third passages of fluid. This mixture initiates the chemical reactions and as a result of the continuous pumping of the TGEC 17 and RIS 18, the reaction mixture is transferred through the openings 4 in the coating 1 in the upper wells 11 of the horizontal well pairs and, thus, is distributed in the oil reservoir 3.
    [00126] Chemical reactions produce large amounts of heat and gases. This causes an increase in temperature in the treated area of the oil reservoir which reduces the oil viscosity and, in addition, produces fractures in the formation as long as the oil extraction is still improved. As a result, a liquid can be collected in the wells below 12 of the horizontal well pairs and can be extracted through the
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 40/101 / 41 openings 5 in the liner 1 in the oil well and through the first passage of fluid 14 to the surface. The liquid collected and extracted 19 comprises oil and depends on the conditions present in the oil well and also on other components. If the method according to the present invention is used in oil reservoirs flooded with water, the collected and extracted liquid 19 will comprise large amounts of water. In the present application, this liquid will be designed as an oil or mixture containing oil 19.
    [00127] In contrast to the SAGD method where gravity is primarily the driving force for collecting oil (usually a mixture of oil and water) in the lower wells, the method according to the present invention additionally uses an increase in pressure in the treated area of the oil reservoir for the collection and extraction of oil or mixture containing oil
    19. This pressure increase is caused by the continuous pumping of liquids 17 and 18 in the oil reservoir and by the reactions initiated producing large quantities of hot gases. The pressure difference between the upper and lower wells of the horizontal well pairs can vary from several atmospheres to several dozen atmospheres. This allows for more efficient oil extraction. The higher pressure values achieved with the method according to the present invention still cause more crack formations than in the SAGD method and, thus, still improve oil extraction. The cracks formed will reach the pressure relief point, i.e. the lower wells 12 where the pressure is reduced by the continuous and extensive extraction of the oil or mixture containing oil 19. In this way, the oil extraction is still improved. The improved ability to produce and collect oil or a mixture containing extractable oil is achieved with the method according to the present invention over the total length of the horizontal wells (in the present case, about 200 m).
    [00128] An additional advantage of the method according to the present invention compared to the SAGD method is that very small quantities
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 41/101 / 41 minors of water are introduced into the oil reservoir.
    [00129] In the following, a closer consideration is given in the method according to the present invention.
    [00130] One of the control parameters of the method according to the present invention are the temperatures in the oil well above and below the plug 8 where the temperature sensors 13 are installed. Depending on the temperature values determined with these temperature sensors 13 the flow rates of the injected TGEC and RIS compositions can be regulated.
    [00131] An upper temperature limit is the maximum permissible temperature for plug 8 and lining 1 of the oil well which usually at least partially consists of cement. In the following illustration, a maximum temperature of about 300 ° C is assumed for the plug 8 and the cement used for the lining 1 of the oil well. However, it should be noted that the materials can also be used for the shutter 8 and the coating 1 allowing higher maximum temperatures as long as the method and apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the aspects mentioned in the following illustration.
    [00132] In a first stage, the oil reservoir is heated by the reaction of TGEC and RIS to reach the temperature in a temperature sensor 13 below the plug of about 250 to 280 ° C. At such a temperature, the TGEC can react / decompose which produces heat and gases without the additional supply of an initiator (RIS). At this stage, the RIS injection can be reduced or suspended. This allows cost-efficient process control when RIS components are usually relatively expensive compared to the components used for TGEC. In particular, the supply of RIS can be reduced or suspended if the reaction temperature reaches a value of 200 ° C or higher. then, it is sufficient to supply only TGEC to keep the reaction stable in the zone
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 42/101 / 41 of productive value of the oil reservoir and the TGEC can be supplied through the second and / or third fluid passages 16 and 15.
    [00133] If a stable temperature of about 250-280 ° C is obtained in the horizontal wells the method according to the present invention can also be varied by reducing or even suspending the supply of TGEC and for introducing air or another supply of cheap oxidizer in the oil reservoir. At that stage, a controlled combustion of oil is possible, a so-called low temperature oily combustion with a reaction temperature of about 300 ° C and with a heat production Q of about 40 MJ per kilogram of oil burned.
    [00134] The following is an estimate of the percentage of the oil to be burned to heat the material (like rock) containing the oil to be extracted at the stage where only a relatively cheap oxidizer is provided to maintain the reaction in the oil reservoir.
    [00135] As an example of such a cheap oxidizer potassium nitrate is assumed. About 2-3 kg of potassium nitrate is required to oxidize 1 kg of oil. With the following formula (1) the mass M of the heated collector having a porosity of about 20% is calculated:
    Q = C M AT (1) where:
    Q = amount of heat produced,
    C = specific heat capacity of the collector with the oil,
    M = mass of the collector with oil,
    Δ T = temperature increase.
    [00136] The collector is the material of the oil reservoir containing the oil in these pores.
    [00137] With a specific heat capacity C of 1 kJ / (kg-K) and a temperature increase ΔΤ of 100 K and a quantity of heat Q of 40 MJ (produced per kg of burnt oil) a mass of 400 kg Can be
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 43/101 / 41 calculated. This means, for heating 400 kg of the collector per 100 K is required to oxidize 1 kg of oil in the reservoir.
    [00138] The density of the collecting material (for example, rock) can be assumed to be about 2.5 kg / l as long as this results in a volume V of about 160 l of rock having a mass of about 400 kg which can be heated with 1 kg of oil.
    [00139] It is also assumed that the amount of oil in the pores of the calculated collecting volume is about 32 liters corresponding to about 28 kg of oil. That is, 1 kg of oil will be burned to heat 400 kg of rock comprising 28 kg of oil. Therefore, only about 4% of the oil contained in the treated area will be burned to extract the oil from this treated oil reservoir.
    [00140] The price for 2 - 3 kg of potassium nitrate is about 16-20 Russian rubles. This amount of potassium nitrate is necessary to produce about 40 MJ. Therefore, to obtain 1 MJ of heat in the oil reservoir using potassium nitrate, it is required to spend about 0.4 - 0.5 Russian rubles for chemical reagents.
    [00141] When comparing the costs of the method according to the present invention with the costs of the SAGD method it can be summarized that the cost for producing the hot water vapor to be pumped from the surface below in the oil reservoir to supply 1 MJ of heat to the reservoir is about 10 times greater than when using the method according to the present invention.
    [00142] One reason for such a significant difference is that in the SAGD method the oil or bitumen burnt for the production of heat for heat treatment is burned on the surface considering in the present method the heat is produced directly where it is used for heat treatment, that is, produced below in the oil reservoir.
    [00143] In Fig. 2 are shown flow directions used in a
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 44/101 / 41 specific embodiment of the heat treatment method an oil reservoir according to the present invention. In this method, when the aforementioned stage where only a fluid similar to TGEC or any other inexpensive oxidizer can be supplied to maintain a constant reaction in the productive value zone of the oil reservoir required to be supplied, such fluid can be introduced through the first passage of fluid 14, which is through the internal tubing 6 and is then stimulated through the openings 5 and the lower well 12 to the oil reservoir. The oil or oil-containing mixture 19 is then extracted through the upper wells 11, the openings 4 and through one or both of the second and third fluid passages 16 and 15. Such a reverse flow direction with respect to the oil in the oil reservoir is possible as the main driving force in the present method is the pressure difference caused by pumping in the fluid and the production of the largest amounts of heat and gases.
    [00144] With such a method a much larger sectional area can be used for the extraction of the oil or mixture containing oil, that is, the sectional areas of the second and third fluid passages, as compared to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. In addition, the fluid introduced in a first fluid passage 14 can be used to cool the plug 8.
    [00145] The following is an estimate showing that the method of heat treatment an oil reservoir according to the present invention can be successfully applied in oil reservoirs being intensively flooded with water.
    [00146] It is assumed that in such flooded with water in large quantities of oil, the pores contain about 90% water and about 10% oil. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.2 kJ / (kg1K).
    [00147] On the basis of the above formula (1) this can be calculated that in such a case the oxidation (combustion) of 1 kg of the oil will cause an increase of
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 45/101 / 41 temperature of about 80 ° C per 400 kg of rock, the pores containing 32 liters of fluid (90% water and 10% oil). As a result of heating the fluid viscosity (water + oil) will be reduced 4-5 times, the fluid will flow from the reservoir in the oil well and then be pumped to the surface.
    [00148] In this way, it can be summarized that for the extraction 3.2 liters of oil it is necessary to burn 1 liter of oil being about a third of the oil. With the methods known so far, it was not considered possible to achieve cost-efficient extraction of oil from such flooded water in large quantities of oil reservoirs.
    [00149] With the apparatus and method according to the present invention it is still possible to introduce fluids to initiate the heat treatment of the oil reservoir while simultaneously extracting the oil.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]
    1. Apparatus for thermally treating an oil reservoir by separately inserting a first composition (17) and a second composition (18) into an oil well and contacting the first and second compositions (17, 18) in a zone of productive value ( 2) the oil reservoir to initiate a chemical reaction that produces heat and gases, the oil well being in fluid connection with at least a pair of horizontal oil wells substantially vertically aligned, an upper horizontal well (11) and a horizontal well bottom (12), located in the productive value zone (2), the apparatus comprising:
    - a lining (1) of the oil well provided with openings (4, 5) facing the horizontal wells (11, 12) to allow fluid exchange between the oil well and the horizontal wells (11, 12) of the reservoir of Oil;
    - a sealing device (8) positioned in the casing (1) of the oil well so that the opening (4) in the casing (1) facing the upper horizontal well (11) is located above and the opening (5) in the liner (1) facing the lower horizontal well (12) is located below the sealing device (8);
    - an internal piping (6) disposed within the oil well casing (1) and passing through the sealing device (8), the sealing device (8) sealing the space between the internal piping (6) and the casing ( 1), the internal piping (6) being provided with at least one opening (7) in its end section located below the sealing device (8);
    characterized by:
    - an external piping (9) arranged coaxially with and external to the internal piping (6) and inside the liner (1);
    - the interior of the internal piping (6) defining a first
    Petition 870190039449, of 26/04/2019, p. 47/101
    [2]
    2/2 fluid passage (14);
    - the inside of the casing (1) of the oil well and the outside of the external piping (9) above the sealing device (8) defining a second fluid passage (16);
    - the inside of the external pipe (9) and the outside of the internal pipe (6) defining a third fluid passage (15);
    - the external piping (9) is provided with openings (10) connecting the third fluid passage (15) with the second fluid passage (16), where the openings (10) of the external pipe (9) are located close to the openings (4) of the coating (1) facing the upper horizontal well (11) for transferring the chemical reaction of the first composition (17) and the second composition (18) to the productive value zone (2) of the oil reservoir.
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the openings (10) of the external tubing (9) and the casing (1) are created by perforated sections facing each other.
    [3]
    3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the upper horizontal well (11) and the lower horizontal well (12) of the pair of substantially vertically aligned horizontal wells are drilled from the oil well radially to the productive value zone (2) of the oil reservoir in directions approaching each other.
    [4]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that the horizontal wells (11, 12) of the pair of horizontal wells intersect together in 200 meters, preferably 100 meters, from the oil well to form a zone of reaction at your distal extremities.
    [5]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that additionally at least one temperature sensor (13) for measuring the temperature above and / or below the sealing device (8).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EA024412B1|2016-09-30|
    AU2010359821A1|2013-04-11|
    MY165508A|2018-03-28|
    SA3964B1|2015-03-29|
    EP2646646B1|2020-04-08|
    BR112013004260A2|2016-08-02|
    MX2013002068A|2013-06-28|
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    EA201390290A1|2013-08-30|
    EP2646646A1|2013-10-09|
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    AP2013006781A0|2013-03-31|
    AU2010359821B2|2016-08-18|
    US9388677B2|2016-07-12|
    WO2012025150A1|2012-03-01|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-02-26| B06T| Formal requirements before examination|
    2019-06-04| B15K| Others concerning applications: alteration of classification|Free format text: AS CLASSIFICACOES ANTERIORES ERAM: E21B 36/00 , C09K 8/00 , C09K 8/58 , E21B 43/24 Ipc: E21B 43/24 (1968.09), C09K 8/592 (2006.01) |
    2019-07-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2019-10-08| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 24/08/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. (CO) 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 24/08/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS |
    2020-09-29| B21F| Lapse acc. art. 78, item iv - on non-payment of the annual fees in time|Free format text: REFERENTE A 10A ANUIDADE. |
    2021-01-12| B24J| Lapse because of non-payment of annual fees (definitively: art 78 iv lpi, resolution 113/2013 art. 12)|Free format text: EM VIRTUDE DA EXTINCAO PUBLICADA NA RPI 2595 DE 29-09-2020 E CONSIDERANDO AUSENCIA DE MANIFESTACAO DENTRO DOS PRAZOS LEGAIS, INFORMO QUE CABE SER MANTIDA A EXTINCAO DA PATENTE E SEUS CERTIFICADOS, CONFORME O DISPOSTO NO ARTIGO 12, DA RESOLUCAO 113/2013. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/EP2010/062356|WO2012025150A1|2010-08-24|2010-08-24|Method and apparatus for thermally treating an oil reservoir|
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